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31. Explain Mail Gateway
It is a system that performs a protocol translation between
different electronic mail delivery protocols.
32. Explain wide-mouth frog
Wide-mouth frog is the simplest known key distribution
center (KDC) authentication protocol.
33. What are Digrams and
Trigrams
The most common two letter combinations are called as
digrams. e.g. th, in, er, re and an. The most common three
letter combinations are called as trigrams. e.g. the, ing, and,
and ion.
34. Explain silly window syndrome
It is a problem that can ruin TCP performance. This problem
occurs when data are passed to the sending TCP entity in large
blocks, but an interactive application on the receiving side
reads 1 byte at a time.
35. Explain region
When hierarchical routing is used, the routers are divided
into what we call regions, with each router knowing all the
details about how to route packets to destinations within its
own region, but knowing nothing about the internal structure of
other regions.
36. Explain multicast routing
Sending a message to a group is called multicasting, and its
routing algorithm is called multicast routing.
37. Explain traffic shaping
One of the main causes of congestion is that traffic is
often busy. If hosts could be made to transmit at a uniform
rate, congestion would be less common. Another open loop method
to help manage congestion is forcing the packet to be
transmitted at a more predictable rate. This is called traffic
shaping.
38. Explain packet filter
Packet filter is a standard router equipped with some extra
functionality. The extra functionality allows every incoming or
outgoing packet to be inspected. Packets meeting some criterion
are forwarded normally. Those that fail the test are dropped.
39. Explain virtual path
Along any transmission path from a given source to a given
destination, a group of virtual circuits can be grouped together
into what is called path.
40. Explain virtual channel
Virtual channel is normally a connection from one source to
one destination, although multicast connections are also
permitted. The other name for virtual channel is virtual
circuit. |
